II. Hardware and software
3. Computer systems
Hardware and Software
Hardware refers to all physical components of a computer system such as a monitor, printer, processor or memory.
Software refers to the data stored in the memory. In particular, this includes computer programs, i.e. sequences of instructions in a language that the computer can understand.
Excursus: The operating system
Our application software (mail program, word processor, browser, etc.) does not need to know which hard disk is installed, in which area of the hard disk it should store its data or which processor is being used.
This is taken care of by special software, the operating system. The operating system mediates between hardware and application software and controls access to the hardware.
This is particularly important if several applications want to access the same hardware and the accesses need to be coordinated.
The best-known operating systems include:
