3. Computer systems

Input, processing and output


Despite the rapid development, little has changed in the basic operation of computer systems.

The basic principle of electronic data processing and therefore also the basic mode of operation of computer systems can be divided into three stages:

eva english

  • First, something is entered into the computer (input).
  • Then calculations are carried out, i.e. the input is processed (processing).
  • Finally, the result is output (output).

The short form of Input-Processing-Output is IPO.

Note: The principle is not limited to electronic data processing. All data processing systems follow this principle, regardless of whether it is a calculator, a machine, a computer or even a living being.

 
Examples
Calculator
Input
The user types 1+2 into the calculator (input via keyboard).
Processing

The calculator calculates the result (processing in the processor and working memory (more on this later)).

Output

The calculator shows the result “3” (output via display).

 
 
HUMAN

Input
The teacher asks the student the question “What is 1 + 2” (input via ear).
Processing

The student thinks about the question and determines the result (processing in the brain).

Output

The student states the result (output via mouth).

 
Comparison between computer and human

Of course, there are still differences between living beings and computers 🙂

The following table compares the data processing of living beings and electronic systems by way of example.

  Input Processing Output
Computer    Keyboard, mouse, microphone, webcam, sensors, ... Processor, RAM,... Display, speaker, printer, motor, ...
Human    Eyes, ears, nose,... Nervous system, brain, ... Mouth, arms, hands, ...

!        Does the IPO scheme still apply to smartphones?

Answer
Yes, smartphones are actually portable computers. Here, the input and output devices are just packed very close together. Sensors, such as the transparent, touch-sensitive layer of the display, are input components and the display directly underneath as well as the speakers, the lamp, etc. are the output devices.